1. He kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika o ka mea, ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī:
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ke kila ma mua o nā mea kūkulu hale ʻē aʻe e like me ke kaʻa, ka pōhaku a me ka lāʻau.No laila, kūpono loa ia no nā ʻāpana a me nā hale me nā kiko nui a i ʻole nā ukana kaumaha.Loaʻa i ke kila nā ʻano o ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī.ʻO ka plasticity maikaʻi, ʻaʻole e haki koke ka hale ma muli o ka overloading ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau;ʻO ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, hiki i ka hale ke hoʻololi i nā ukana ikaika.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu absorption a me ka ductility e hoʻonui i ka hana seismic i nā hale kila.
2. He mea maʻalahi ka hana kila a he pōkole ka manawa hana.
ʻO ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ka hale kila he mea maʻalahi a hoʻopauʻia, he maʻalahi ka hanaʻana, a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ka hana mechanical.No laila, hana ʻia ka nui o nā hale kila i nā ʻāpana i nā hale hana metala kūikawā me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.Ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻāpana ma ke kahua kūkulu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā bolts maʻamau a me nā bolts ikaika kiʻekiʻe e maʻalahi i ka hoʻouka ʻana, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a welded ma ka honua i nā ʻāpana nui no ka huki ʻana e hoʻopōkole i ka manawa hana.Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā hale kila a me nā puʻu hale kila māmā ma ke kahua a laila hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia me nā mea hana maʻalahi.Eia hou, he mea maʻalahi ke kūkulu hou a hoʻoikaika i ka hale kila i hoʻopauʻia, a hiki ke hoʻopauʻia ka hale i pili me nā bolts e like me ka mea e pono ai.